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  Mechanical Properties    
  Mechanical Properties of Materials
  Mechanical Properties of Metric Screws
  Mechanical Properties of Metric Nuts
Mechanical Properties Data of Inch Screws
 
 
 

Mechanical Properties of Materials

Carbon Steel

Low carbon steels are relatively soft and weak, but have outstanding ductility and toughness. In addition, they are machinable, weldable, and are relatively inexpensive to produce. 

 
Alloy UNS
Designation 		Typical Mechanical Properties
Tensile
(ksi) 		Yield
(ksi) 		Elongation
(% in 2")		 Reduction of
Area (%)		 Brinell
Hardness
1010 G10100 53 44 20 40 105
1018 G10180 64 54 15 40 126
1020 G10200 64 54 24 54 126
1022 G10220 69 58 15 40 137

 

Medium carbon steels may be heat-treated by austenizing, quenching, and then tempering to improve their mechanical properties. On a strength-to-cost basis, the heat-treated medium carbon steels provide tremendous load carrying ability.
 
Alloy UNS
Designation 		Typical Mechanical Properties
Tensile
(ksi) 		Yield
(ksi) 		Elongation
(% in 2")		 Reduction of
Area (%)		 Brinell
Hardness
1030 G10300 76 64 12 35 149
1040 G10400 90 80 12 35 170
1045 G10450 91 77 12 35 179
1060 G10600 118 70 17 34 241
 

Alloy steel An enormous variety of distinct properties can be created for alloy steel by substituting the chemical elements in the recipe to increase hardness, strength, or chemical resistance.

Alloy UNS
Designation 		Typical Mechanical Properties
Tensile
(ksi) 		Yield
(ksi) 		Elongation
(% in 2")		 Reduction of
Area (%)		 Brinell
Hardness
4130 G41300 80 56 28 57 149
4140 G41400 150 90 20 45 285
4330 G43300 125 100 15 30 250-325
4340 G43400 110 66 23 49 197

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Stainless Steel:

Austenitic stainless steel Tensile and yield will increase sharply in austenitic stainless steel fasteners made by cold forming, but may decrease in fasteners made by machining.

 
Alloy UNS
Designation		 Tensile
(ksi)		 Yield
(ksi)		 Approximate
Rockwell Hardness
18-8 - 80-150 40 min B85-95
302 S30200 70-125 40 min B85-95
303 S30300 90-125 40 min B85-95
304 S30400 85-150 40 min B85-95
304L S30403 Slightly lower than alloy 304 due to low carbon content Slightly lower than alloy 304 due to low carbon content Slightly lower than alloy 304 due to low carbon content
305 S30500 80-140 40 min B85-95
309 S30900 100-120 40 min B85-95
310 S31000 100-120 60-80 B85-95
316 S31600 85-140 40 min B85-95
316L S31603 Slightly lower than alloy 316 due to low carbon content Slightly lower than alloy 316 due to low carbon content Slightly lower than alloy 316 due to low carbon content
317 S31700 100-120 60-80 B85-95
321 S32100 100-120 60-80 B85-95
347 S34700 100-120 60-80 B85-95
 

Martensitic stainless steel Tensile and yield will increase sharply in martensitic stainless steel fasteners made by heat treating

 
Alloy UNS
Designation		 Tensile
(ksi)		 Yield
(ksi)		 Approximate
Rockwell Hardness
410 S41000 180 heat treated 150 heat treated C34
416 S41600 180 heat treated 150 heat treated C34-45
420 S42000 250 heat treated 200 heat treated C45

 

Ferritic stainless steel

 
Alloy UNS
Designation		 Tensile
(ksi)		 Yield
(ksi)		 Approximate
Rockwell Hardness
405 S40500 70-75 40-45 B65-75
430 S43000 70-75 40-45 B65-75

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Mechanical Properties of Screws
Property 3.6 4.6 4.8 5.6 5.8 6.8 8.8 10.9 12.9
<= 16mm > 16mm

Tensile Strength
Rm in MPa (N/mm2)

 nominal value 300 400 400 500 500 800 600 800 1000 1200
minimum 330 400 420 500 520 600 800 830 1040 1220
Vickers Hardness
HV=F 98N		 minimum 95 120 130 155 160 190 230 255 310 372
maximum 220 220 220 220 220 250 300 336 382 434
Brinell Hardness
HB F=30D2		 minimum 90 114 124 147 152 181 219 242 295 353
maximum     209     238 285 319 363 412
Rockwell Hardness HR minimum HRB 52 67 71 79 82 89        
minimum HRC             20 23 31 38
maximum HRB 95 95 95 95 95          
maximum HRC             30 34 39 44
Surface Hardness
HV 0.3		 maximum             320  356 402 454
Yield Stress nominal value 180 240 320 300 400 480        
minimum 190 240 340 300 420 480        
0.2% elongation limit
Rp0.2 in Mpa (N/mm2)		 nominal value             640 640 900 1080
minimum             640 660 940 1100
Test stress Sp Sp/ReL or Rp0.2 0.94 0.94 0.91 0.94 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.88 0.88
MPA (N/mm2) 180 225 310 280 380 440 580 600 830 970
Elongation after fracture
A5 in %		 minimum 25 22 14 20 10 8 12 12 9 8
Minimum notch impact energy in Joules        25     30 30 20 15
Head Impact Toughness  No Fracture
Maximum Height of the Thread Zone Not Decarburized E              1/2H1 1/2H1 2/3H1 3/4H1
Maximum Depth of Decarburization Gmm             .015 .015 .015 .015

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Mechanical Properties of Nuts
 Mechanical Properties Property Class
4 5 6 8 10 12
Proof Load Stress Sp N/mm2 400 500 600 800 1000 1200
Vickers Hardness HV5 maximum 302 302 302 302 353 353
Brinell Hardness HB 30 maximum 290 290 290 290 335 335
Rockwell Hardness HRC maximum 30 30 30 30 36 36

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Mechanical Properties Data of Inch Screws

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